
This paper presents a bottom-up approach for techno-economic analysis of a Li-ion battery based Energy Storage System (BESS) to provide grid ancillary services under the “Delivering a Secure, Sustainable E.

A 1MWh system: Costs between €695,000 and €850,000. Larger systems, like 5MWh, cost €3.5 million to €4 million, benefiting from economies of scale. Calculating initial costs involves assessing energy capacity, power requirements, and site-specific conditions.

Under the original 2009 Ireland had set a target of producing 16% of all its energy needs from renewable energy sources by 2020 but that has been updated by a second Renewable Energy Directive whose targets are 32% by 2030. Between 2005 and 2014 the percentage of energy from renewable energy sources grew from just 3.1% to 8.6% of total final cons.