
In recent years, the fraction of power generation capacity ascribed to renewable e. . We modified the IEEE 39-bus system30 shown in Fig. 1 and used it as a benchmark to illustrate our approach to the estimation of momentum. The original network, a simplified model. . Theoretical basesThe kinetic energy stored in a synchronous generator can be expressed as \({E}_{{{{{{{{\rm{ki. Subdivision of a. . Additionally, the processed data have been deposited in Figshare under accession code. . The Python code used for (i) generating the synthetic data used in this paper, (ii) training the CNN and the other ML models, and (iii) generating Figs. 2-10 is available at Zenodo under ac.